https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria daily 0.75 2025-11-24 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/fermi-paradox monthly 0.5 2025-09-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/bf36837f-2eb3-4bf0-b3ed-e5fb5dcb06c3/PrayaScene.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Many habitable worlds may decorate the cosmos, but how many will produce creatures like us? SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/a2d9ff44-d02c-4440-86ec-17e9dbd627e5/Human_pedigree.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Natural history tells us that this smooth march of progress probably isn’t the true story of evolution. G Avery - Scientific American (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/235f9257-cb0e-4773-b282-339be7c63192/Dinosauroid.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out The ‘Dinosauroid’, a fictional intelligent dinosaur designed by Dale Russell in 1982. Russell believed all intelligent life would converge to a humanoid form, regardless of ancestry. Jim Linwood (CC BY 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/ff1a9e41-d977-4b17-a049-db16333d9420/Berlin_Friedrichstra%C3%9Fe_Utopia_2048_small_file.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out An eco-friendly utopia like this may be functionally indistinguishable from a barren nuclear wasteland for lonely aliens looking for company. Aerroscape & Lino Zeddies (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/903b3813-3457-4c1b-9893-ca432dfca673/scr00192.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Not a planet? Not a problem! The moons of big, warm gas giants may well be suitable habitats for complex life. SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/d3d0e0d7-26d0-4410-85dd-a5cd93c03f58/scr00052.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Innumerable stars and planets fill the universe. But how many are home to beings like us? Let’s do the numbers. SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/9a466530-51d5-4cba-b4b0-266acf04e4e6/Tursiops_truncatus_01-cropped.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, not assembling a smartphone or arguing about pineapple on pizza. NASA (Public domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1707012909651-6L7Y2N6NZU5YVE3DTOFV/scr00089.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Imagine a cosmic barbecue gone wrong. This tidally-locked world is like a badly done steak - burnt on one side, barely lukewarm on the other. SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/a76894c7-26c6-4888-b7e5-af29c4b47e81/Lascaux-IV_01.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Was it inevitable that we would leave our caves and become an interplanetary species? Or was it down to strokes of luck? © Traumrune/Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/16bf04ba-b62b-4c15-ac4e-ec0516bbfc18/OceanusAtlas.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Habitable planets are believed to be common throughout the universe, so where are all the aliens? SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/64453595-c955-4539-b533-68e02166bd7f/Velociraptor_Restoration.png Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out An example of real-world dinosaur intelligence: Velociraptor mongoliensis. This small, bird-like theropod possessed respectable smarts, yet was clearly not on the path to civilization. Fred Wierum (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/5afc949a-0fcb-4e37-a5dc-a27692f6dd25/Octopus_shell.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Although impressively intelligent and equipped with dexterous manipulators, octopuses may be barred from technological civilization due to the fundamental nature of their habitat. Nick Hobgood (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/e9e8a303-a3fb-4c08-8b3d-5334b3606066/International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Just what might we find, as we take our first tentative steps beyond Earth? NASA/Crew of STS-132 (Public domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/7850306d-18f3-45ee-8656-65a7876f42cc/Spiral_arms_of_M61_hubble_april_2021.tif.jpg Uranometria - Of Microbes and Men - The Fermi Paradox - Make it stand out Galaxy M61 contains hundreds of millions of stars. But which, if any, are circled by Earth’s distant cousins? ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESO, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team (CC BY 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/sn-1a-distance monthly 0.5 2025-09-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/c7e5afe5-72e4-4807-8aff-e9b78bc96cf5/Stellar_parallax_right_angle_of_observation.png Uranometria - Quick Thoughts - Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Ladder - Make it stand out A simple diagram of stellar parallax. PdeQuant (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/a30e4a30-dd61-402a-8234-5fd110e8c855/Stephenson_2-18_zoomed_in%2C_2MASS_survey%2C_2003.png Uranometria - Quick Thoughts - Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Ladder - Make it stand out The once-recordholder in all its glory. From 2MASS survey (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1133dc7a-8c83-44a8-bf48-0e80b4bedb93/STScI-01HZ5AGRSXS6SVVBKB1J60E3Y9.png Uranometria - Quick Thoughts - Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Ladder - Make it stand out A symbiotic binary. NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/dca538b7-d0cb-43bc-8d69-e1b68f72a607/scr00198.jpg Uranometria - Quick Thoughts - Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Ladder - Make it stand out Space is vast. But just how vast? SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/28dd9af0-298a-454c-8cbe-458c50b85272/Eso1505b.tif.jpg Uranometria - Quick Thoughts - Type Ia Supernovae and the Cosmic Distance Ladder - Make it stand out Henize 2-428, a pair of young white dwarfs lighting up a small nebula. In a few billion years they will collide to produce a not-so-standard Type Ia supernova. ESO/VLT (CC BY 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/category/Exobiology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/category/Extragalactic+Astronomy monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/category/Quick+Thoughts monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/exoplanets monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/galaxies monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/biology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/quick_thoughts monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/topic_exploration monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/supernovae monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/stellar_evolution monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/eti monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/science_methods monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/exobiology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/uranometria/tag/solar_system monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa daily 0.75 2025-09-04 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/Blog Post Title One-8fb3k monthly 0.5 2024-12-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/cce51410-5b66-4490-ad58-c43f80475618/ARP273_HEADER.png Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011491529-BTGTWMOFJOTTLP8BBPSU/PrayaScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011491979-X4FSEIIWYBYE75MQT59Q/ElysiaScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011492792-43EQ5L3QE33FEAKA1L3D/AntipathesScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011493207-RAIYH1FM1XMJBC333NM9/ChironexScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011493773-F32GKOJ8QYSIKAR7328F/AlvinellaScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011494476-MYG3TWGL8CFGYX1DN0OP/Panthalassa%26HorizonScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011494767-3PMPAYD7G2ROMXSN1EIN/OlindiasScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011495481-3ARQJWWWOJE06T5NOMEX/TonicellaScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1698011495821-ATZB5XQK9YQE4K6IS7UY/RiftiaScene.jpg Cosmozoa - Somewhere Beyond the Sun https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/category/Planetary+Atlas monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/category/Intro monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/category/Galaxies monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/category/Celestial+Atlas monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/tag/background monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/cosmozoa/tag/gallery monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius daily 0.75 2025-11-24 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/patricide-among-the-seaweeds monthly 0.5 2025-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/6875ec77-d578-4b64-a592-e24a5b972d39/Anelasma_squalicola_attached_to_Etmopterus_compagnoi_Griffiths.png Hemerobius - Savagery Among the Seagrass - Make it stand out Horrifying image of Anelasma barnacles attached to a shark host. Charles L. Griffiths (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/710a4767-4717-45ee-9ab7-1c2767556999/Sacculina_carcini_%28MNHN-IU-2014-12086%29.jpeg Hemerobius - Savagery Among the Seagrass - Make it stand out Rhizocephalan Sacculina carcini erupting from the belly of its green shore crab host. Galindo L.-A. (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/220f593a-62b1-412b-bda4-d833b3d18dd1/1280px-Sylon_hippolytes.jpg Hemerobius - Savagery Among the Seagrass - Make it stand out Sylon hippolytes doing the body-snatching routine to a shrimp. Christoph Noever/Universitet i Bergen (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/8d2585e3-2bb9-4ca4-bdd3-bcabf8d64ade/EB1911_Crustacea_Fig._13.%E2%80%94Early_Stages_of_Balanus.jpg Hemerobius - Savagery Among the Seagrass - Make it stand out Nauplius and cyprid larvae of Balanus. Anonymous - 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 7, Crustacea article (Public Domain) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/myxozoans monthly 0.5 2025-11-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/cb6667c8-a7ee-48ab-a549-7a3836cec223/Myxidium_oviforme.jpg Hemerobius - Orthogenesis Refuted - Make it stand out Spores of Myxidium oviforme. Egil Karlsbakk/Havforskningsinstituttet (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/83e27698-e518-46a6-8def-8212c470fc34/Buddenbrockia_plumatellae.png Hemerobius - Orthogenesis Refuted - Make it stand out Buddenbrockia plumatellae, the jellyfish which decided to be a skin disease, then decided that wasn’t good enough and became a worm. Gruhl and Okamura (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/be325e94-10c1-4522-9a5b-7b88956c1409/Sphaeroeca-colony.jpg Hemerobius - Orthogenesis Refuted - Make it stand out Sphaeroeca, one of the closest protozoan relatives of animals alive today. The first animal likely looked something like this. Dhzanette (Public Domain) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/ants-cloning-males monthly 0.5 2025-09-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/7cfb6eaa-2f49-4c4b-aba5-92900cb91921/Rana_esculenta_on_Nymphaea_edit.JPG Hemerobius - Two Species, One Mother - Make it stand out Another species which must steal the genes of others: Edible frog Pelophylax kl. esculentus, which mates with pool frogs P. lessonae to reproduce its own species. Helge Busch-Paulick (CC BY 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/e8ca0134-3d0e-461c-8de5-9358a16e62fa/41586_2025_9425_Fig2_HTML.webp Hemerobius - Two Species, One Mother - Make it stand out Hairy M. ibericus male ant vs. hairless M. structor male ant. Though they look similar to our eyes, they are separated by more than 5 million years of evolution. Juvé, Y., Lutrat, C., Ha, A. et al. (2025) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/a-cosmic-phoenix monthly 0.5 2025-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/3d5a0031-e9ec-45d5-b366-1a12b719a509/Caldwell_35.jpg Hemerobius - A Cosmic Phoenix - Make it stand out NGC 4889 and its attendants, members of the vast Coma Cluster. Note their smooth, milky-white appearances. NASA Hubble (CC BY 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1a5a5d90-e239-4d41-8d09-c8bbcd7bf753/NGC_1275_Hubble.jpg Hemerobius - A Cosmic Phoenix - Make it stand out Giant elliptical galaxy NGC 1275, which glows with a firestorm of young stars. NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration (Public Domain) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tunicates monthly 0.5 2025-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/14d98436-3051-46ef-ad6a-609df949e262/Megasiphon_thylakos_holotype_cropped.png Hemerobius - Our Spineless Cousins - Make it stand out Megasiphon thylakos. Karma Nanglu, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, James C. Weaver, Javier Ortega-Hernández (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/36e2a21e-edc8-46e5-a72c-6a7e4c8cc2c0/Ascidia_005.png Hemerobius - Our Spineless Cousins - Make it stand out Tunicate larva versus frog tadpole. The resemblance is uncanny. British Museum (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/5f5f184e-1c2e-4ec2-8518-4f09102cb469/Clavelina_puertosecensis_169478752.jpg Hemerobius - Our Spineless Cousins - Make it stand out A small colony of bluebell tunicates (Clavelina puertosecensis). Pauline Walsh Jacobson (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/7fd76fd6-b1b3-4b55-b916-b4e9a968a54d/P8071914-Enhanced-NR.jpg Hemerobius - Our Spineless Cousins - Make it stand out Doliolid colony. The big, barrel-shaped zooid is for moving, while the little green ones are for eating. Pierre Corbrion (CC0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/a5157005-d0ed-4a05-a4e7-379213efe257/Bathochordaeus_charon_compared_to_B._stygius.gif Hemerobius - Our Spineless Cousins - Make it stand out Bathochordaeus larvaceans in their houses. Sherlock, R.E., Walz, K.R. and Robison, B.H. (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/newtonsaurus monthly 0.5 2025-09-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/94bf76ea-1a47-4805-a252-5a6510d01b7b/Postosuchus%2C_Coelophysis%2C_and_Placerias.jpg Hemerobius - Unusual Goings-On in the Triassic - Make it stand out A typical Triassic ecosystem. The large predator in the back is the crocodile ancestor Postosuchus, who massively outweighs the dinosaur Coelophysis, seen cowering under a log along with two plant-eating dicynodont protomammals. ABelov2014 (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/64e80795-d6b4-4d67-9acd-ba14d81d240e/1-s2.0-S0016787825000513-gr2_lrg.jpg Hemerobius - Unusual Goings-On in the Triassic - Make it stand out The Newtonsaurus specimen. Evans et al. (2025) (CC BY 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/trappist-1-again monthly 0.5 2025-09-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/5c2c8da9-ec3b-4b8d-9adf-d7587d95bce8/trappist1e.jpg Hemerobius - TRAPPIST-1 Revisited, Again - Make it stand out TRAPPIST-1e spectrum. NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, J. Olmsted (STScI) (CC BY 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/galeommatids monthly 0.5 2025-11-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/19a26c1f-7abf-4275-b49c-74515cb40d89/Montacutona_sigalionidcola-novataxa_2019-Goto_et_Tanaka.jpg Hemerobius - Bless the Maker and His… Clams?? - Make it stand out Our wannabe Arakeen in all its (very limited) glory. Ryutaro Goto & Makoto Tanaka (2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/f26c2c0c-0cce-404a-8d1e-624edfc0afc3/Chlamydoconcha_orcutti_257071079.jpg Hemerobius - Bless the Maker and His… Clams?? - Make it stand out Very un-clam-like free-living galeommatid clam Chlamydoconcha orcutti. Cricket Raspet (CC BY 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/whats-a-dinosaur monthly 0.5 2025-09-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/ead1933d-57cf-4873-ba99-2c8c5da1d6bd/Pasta-Brontosaurus.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Make it stand out A swamp-dwelling brontosaur: the quintessential slow, sluggish 1900s ‘dinosaur’. Charles Robert Knight (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/cb127fe8-9738-4e39-b013-1b945e83a5ae/Deinonychus_FMNH.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Make it stand out Mounted skeleton of Deinonychus antirrhopus. This would have been an exceptionally bird-like animal in life, yet no one would dare say it is not a dinosaur. Jonathan Chen (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392091000-EEONRAY18KJQWMAVJ922/Diplodocus_carnegii.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Diplodocus carnegii Fred Wierum (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392097168-X9VD9NYL93ADCYSILN3Y/Vulcanodon.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Vulcanodon karibaensis J-H. Jang (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392101536-7MEA815L1EXJQQUUCW56/Antetonitrus_reconstruction.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Antetonitrus ingenipes PalaeoEquii (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392113719-F688KJQSRUHTDID0JYI1/202010_Plateosaurus_engelhardti.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Plateosaurus engelhardti DataBase Center for Life Science (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392114987-6YSJ3DTK886G7WR3H33U/Saturnalia_tupiniquim.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Saturnalia tupiniquim CaetaMS (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392116223-MO3W05SRJKHDKSW6GZW3/Herrerasaurus_ischigualastensis_Illustration.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Fred Wierum (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392551788-TXRCE1E2SWFRIO30F59V/2880px-Alioramus_Life_Restoration.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Alioramus remotus Fred Wierum (CC BY 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392570736-3J86YWO9UHYW485B32H3/Sinocalliopteryx_gigas_feeding_on_the_primitive_bird_Confuciusornis_-_journal.pone.0044012.g008.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Sinocalliopteryx gigas Xing L, Bell PR, Persons WS IV, Ji S, Miyashita T, et al. (2012) - Xing L, Bell PR, Persons WS IV, Ji S, Miyashita T, et al. (2012) (CC BY 2.5) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392659372-8S6425OEGF3ZC4O9390U/Nqwebasaurus.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Nqwebasaurus thwazi J-H. Jang (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392663234-NA28RQFST60ESVP0BHGC/Ornitholestes_reconstruction.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Ornitholestes hermanni PaleoNeolitic (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392778062-SAUDAJEF1KGE8N7VSAGV/Deinonychus_Restoration.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Deinonychus antirrhopus Fred Wierum (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392793290-F1OT4IYMIQWJCGXMJ6MY/Balaur_bondoc_as_avialan.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Balaur bondoc Emily Willoughby (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392801215-Q6O1G3NKOP7NU46O6WD8/Halszkaraptor_Restoration.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Halszkaraptor escuilliei PaleoNeolitic (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392822130-F9AMUUP5K72I8GIECJRV/Yanornis_recon.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Yanornis martini Entelognathus (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392833610-0C1J6DUX0Z8ITDWIK32D/Life_reconstruction_of_Longipteryx.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Longipteryx chaoyangensis Alexander D. Clark , Han Hu, Roger BJ Benson & Jingmai K. O’Connor (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757392838580-09K42RI7W8PKTQ0MEWRZ/Hollanda_luceria_2021.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Hollanda luceria Luxquine (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757393040410-0DWGFX2RT4PC6TEI6EWD/Red_Junglefowl.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Gallus gallus Jason Thompson (CC BY 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757376608315-U408NDMRPP6GQREIUE1F/Megalosaurus%2C_World_Museum_Liverpool_%282%29.JPG Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Megalosaurus bucklandii Rept0n1x (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757376645021-RRDQE6QOG85KERD8EX1Z/Hylaeosaurus_armatus.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Hylaeosaurus armatus Sven Sachs, Jahn J. Hornung (CC BY 2.5) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757376718397-ZAT63LMGFPLG3GYXJE6P/Iguanodon-Pink_Iggy-MIWG5126.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Iguanodon bernissartensis N. Cayla (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757372549517-YO5110I0QJHVQ50XT2H4/Prestosuchus_%26_Parvosuchus_in_paleoenvironment.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Prestosuchus chiniquensis ('Rauisuchia') Matheus Fernandes (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757372551326-L5SFY69TXESE5Z5HAEBR/Archilochus_colubris_%28Male%29.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Archilochus colubris (Aves) Joe Schneid (CC BY 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757373538702-WXF5GEC7EYHGP7JLY4CI/Dimetrodon8DB.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Dimetrodon grandis (Synapsida) Dimitry Bogdanov (CC BY 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757373754760-HBAKVAQBJSSW4JUYTKCZ/Nile_Crocodile_%2844335259425%29.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Crocodylus niloticus (Crocodilia) Andrew Morffew (CC BY 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757723308275-NSAS140IPUL78AL637NT/Goronyosaurus_nigeriensis_abelov.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Goronyosaurus nigeriensis (Mosasauridae) ABelov2014 (CC BY 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757723342043-5BB2T5A6MET9TWT7EPZC/Besanosaurus_Environment.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Besanosaurus leptorhynchus (Ichthyosauria) Alessio Ciaffi (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757723412101-7ANZ1HHHI40SPZIFFIWC/Haliskia_Life_Restoration.png Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Haliskia peterseni (Pterosauria) Gabriel N. Ugueto (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757723735741-142L96ZXNFAF6XBN4WIF/Styxosaurus_and_Xiphactinus.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Styxosaurus snowii (Plesiosauria) ABelov2014 (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/11334dfe-7ad5-40c3-b6cd-1ee5609e2876/1280px-Archaeopteryx_lithographica_%28Berlin_specimen%29.jpg Hemerobius - What is a Dinosaur, Really? - Make it stand out Archaeopteryx lithographica: A proto-bird, a reptile, and a dinosaur. H. Raab (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/prehistoric-o2 monthly 0.5 2025-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/d2741c15-6908-44dd-aaa5-a445ea082d4a/Namadicus_size_comparison.png Hemerobius - The Myth of Prehistoric Oxygen - Make it stand out Straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon namadicus, which towers over many dinosaurs. Asier Larramendi (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/50faf038-3bc3-45d8-bc74-33040351d405/Huincul_Formation_Dinosauria_Scale.svg.png Hemerobius - The Myth of Prehistoric Oxygen - Make it stand out Sauropods like Argentinosaurus dwarfed even other dinosaurs. But did they need a boost of O2 to get that big? Slate Weasel (Public Domain) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/77ae3f96-87f1-4851-b97c-9388492e5f39/Arthropleura_Reconstruction.jpg Hemerobius - The Myth of Prehistoric Oxygen - Make it stand out The monstrous millipede Arthropleura was the largest arthropod in history. But was this an inevitable consequence of high O2, or an unusual outcome even with that? Prehistorica CM (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/0e11ed8d-83f4-424f-b58e-20f58a136079/Barosaurus_lentus1.jpg Hemerobius - The Myth of Prehistoric Oxygen - Make it stand out Giant sauropod Barosaurus lentus fends off a pair of giant theropods Allosaurus fragilis. Did these animals owe their magnificent size and strength to anatomical advantages or environmental crutches? Fred Wierum (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/trappist-1-d monthly 0.5 2025-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/c836420a-e551-45a7-8719-8b2e57837a28/Rocky_exoplanet_TRAPPIST-1_b_%28illustration%29_%28weic2309a%29.jpg Hemerobius - TRAPPIST-1 Revisited - Make it stand out JWST has given us the power to get up close and personal with some nearby exoplanets for the first time in history. NASA, ESA, CSA, J. Olmsted (STScI), T. P. Greene (NASA Ames), T. Bell (BAERI), E. Ducrot (CEA), P. Lagage (CEA) (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/375fd657-b61e-4837-9a79-b82d498e2520/TRAPPIST-1e_artist_impression_2018.png Hemerobius - TRAPPIST-1 Revisited - Make it stand out A hopeful vision of TRAPPIST-1e. NASA/JPL-Caltech (Public Domain) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/virgo-intergalactic-stars monthly 0.5 2025-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/bfad454f-12b7-4dcd-a4b8-6d098fc7e67a/scr00002.jpg Hemerobius - Intergalactic Wanderers - Make it stand out Whole worlds lie adrift in an unfathomable abyss. SpaceEngine PRO © Cosmographic Software LLC https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/86d0a88b-47f5-4eb5-a89e-44c0ab4de2b7/Screenshot+2025-09-05+at+19.16.07.png Hemerobius - Intergalactic Wanderers - Make it stand out A cluster of young blue stars adrift in the Virgo Cluster. Jones et al. (2022) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/five-obscure-galaxies monthly 0.5 2025-11-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757002677350-FLFFZDCGJ4RNSECJV8MQ/NGC_2915_hst_11987_R814G555B439_336.png Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - NGC 2915 Visible Light Fabian RRR (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/1757002676010-7PME32WBXE3RVO8JQ9HP/ngc2915.jpg Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - NGC 2915 Radio G. Meurer et al. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/62a7db3c-0e6f-48ba-a89c-ce6bbc82fe59/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+09.24.47.png Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - Make it stand out The (very bad) only image of RCP 28. van Dokkum et al. (2023) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/34a72460-3f54-49cf-81e6-bacb92d7b246/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+09.31.09.png Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - Make it stand out 2MFGC 08638: An enigmatic galactic giant. NASA, ESA, P. Ogle (STScI), Joseph DePasquale (STScI), SDSS Consortium https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/23775183-bf8a-4034-b175-98fc21ffc964/Screenshot+2025-09-04+at+09.26.36.png Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - Make it stand out J16273: ugly, but fascinating. Bogdán et al. (2022) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/ea7decbf-7cfc-40c3-84f4-69b0c6bab2a0/m_sty085fig1.jpeg Hemerobius - Five Weird Obscure Galaxies - Make it stand out JO171 and its glowing tentacles. Moretti et al. (2018) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/ludodactylus-leaf-id monthly 0.5 2025-11-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/3f7c6d3d-0ff9-4413-ae1b-e3b54c5d267f/Ludodactylus_sibbicki.png Hemerobius - A Minor Issue of Palaeontological Pedantry - Make it stand out The gorgeous preserved skull of Ludodactylus. Zhiheng Li, Zhonghe Zhou, Julia A. Clarke (CC BY 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/97b48f19-e572-4d6d-ad36-b8e2e558b578/%28MHNT%29_Yucca_rostrata_-_inflorescence.jpg Hemerobius - A Minor Issue of Palaeontological Pedantry - Make it stand out Yucca rostrata. Not our culprit, but possibly similar in appearance. Didier Descouens (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/desi-new-result monthly 0.5 2025-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/abb6ef93-4e4e-4b2a-9a25-906d7a0337fa/Sloan2020vsDESI2022.jpg Hemerobius - The DESI Dark Energy Survey - An Intriguing Controversy - Make it stand out The older survey SDSS on the left and the DESI survey on the right. Every dot is a galaxy. David J. Schlegel & M. Zamani (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/category/Biology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/category/Astronomy monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/exoplanets monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/galaxies monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/list_of_things monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/anatomy monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/cosmology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/stars monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/geology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/dinosaurs monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/marine_bio monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/genetics monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/new_paper monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/pedantry monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/entomology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/dark_energy monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/myth_busting monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/prehistoric monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/hemerobius/tag/parasitology monthly 0.5 https://www.universeredux.com/home daily 1.0 2025-08-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/647d0398bffcb21447428042/88f46268-70ac-426e-b7a1-79d76f911e43/FullSizeRender.jpeg